Lord of the Flies :: Lord of the Flies Essays

William Golding, in his fictional novel Lord of the Flies, has created one of the most stunningly elaborate, captivating works of American literature. It is a straightforward story of a few shipwrecked schoolboys that dramatically turns into a multifaceted tale of endless deceit, trickery and all by jealousy. It is in this story that terzetto boys, Ralph, Piggy, and Jack, come to play the pivotal parts of leaders to a group of children who are fighting for the right of survival.The first boy is Ralph, a fine caseful of morals, compassion and friendship. He is the first person on the island to take charge and the one who hold the group together. Ralph was elected the leader as soon as the group first came together. He was recognized as one person who courage to lead them home. On the vote for chief, Ralph said, &8220 &8216Who wants me?&8217 Every hand outside the chorus except Piggy&8217s was raised immediately. Then Piggy, too, raised his hand grudgingly into the air. Ralph cou nted &8216I&8217m chief then&8217 (Golding 23).Ralph is chosen as leader because in the story Lord of the Flies, he symbolizes every good quality necessary to return home. The qualities are leadership, kindness, benevolence, and most of all, friendship. The second jejuneness is known to the new(prenominal) boys as Piggy. Piggy is not like the other boys, in the fact that his sense of fun and adventure was replaced with that of worrisome and caution. He is a portly child, which brought on the name &8220Piggy. He also suffers from various ailments, such as bad eyesight and asthma. &8220He was shorter than the fair boy and very fat. He came forward, searching out safe lodgments for his feet, and then looked up through thick spectacles (Golding 7). Piggy symbolically represents every problem, every mistake that could be made, that might leave many schoolboyish boys stranded on an island far out at sea. The final young man goes by the name of Jack Merridew. Jack is a hotheaded youth with a flair for leadership, and a temper to go along with it. Jack was the boy who wanted the position of chief from the start. In response to Ralph&8217s choice as chief, &8220Even the choir applauded and the freckles on Jacks face disappeared under a blush of mortification (Golding 23). Jack Merridew, from then on, was different. He detested Ralph and from then on was consumed by hate and jealousy toward everyone that followed the new chief.

The Motionless Arrow: Aristotles Thoughts On Zenos Arror Argument :: essays research papers

The Motionless cursor Aristotles Thoughts on Zenos Arror Argument     Aristotles thoughts on Zenos Arrow Argument as represented in Chapter9 of Aristotles Physics A Guided Study can be understood in such a way that itmight non be "next door to madness". In this chapter, Aristotle interpretsZenos argument of the Flying Arrow as "missing the mark". on that point are fourpremises for this argument, and in Aristotles opinion, premise three can berejected. He does non believe that time is composed of indivisible nows, whichhe proves with laws of science. However, by evaluating the falsity of premisethree, you will find that premises one and two are also false. Almost allopinions can be argued, however, and by evaluating the philosophy of both men,many points can be reached about the validity and soundness of the argument.Though, by finding the premises false, the argument is not sound, and therefore,Zenos argument leaves untold to be said. &nbs p   Deciphering from what we know of the argument by what Aristotle tells usin Chapter 9, the premises are sketched out1. Everything is at rest when at a place relate to it2. The Flying arrow is at rest when at a place equal to it3. Time is composed of indivisible nows (instants).4. Everything that changes place is doing so in the now.5. coda The flying arrow doesnt move.According to Zeno, time is composed of many indivisible nows, or instants.Aristotle disagrees, stating in line 210 that no magnitude, including time, iscomposed of indivisible nows. Exactly how pine is an instant? Is time finite?As you start dividing time, the smaller you get, the less movement occurs. Buteven when you do divide it smaller and smaller, is there not at least some smallamount of movement occurring? When will time get so small that movement doesnot occur? This is Aristotles cerebrate that time will never get to a"smallest" point, as length will never have a "smallest" di vision. Therefore,he is rejecting the third premise, stating that time is not composed ofindivisible segments.     Zeno, however, feels that time can be divided into a "smallest" part.After all, in physics, you can determine an objects instantaneous velocity or acceleration at a specific point in its journey, at a specific time. Wouldntthis make time indivisible?Velocity and acceleration are disposed(p) to mean motion, which means theobject is moving at this specific point in time. Therefore, according toAristotle, this paradox would not be so if it were not interpreted that time werecomposed of nows.By rejecting this premise, and reevaluating the argument, you will read

Essay --

Separate Spheres Concerning Work Life and Family LifeIndustrial revolution is a time reigning from the eighteenth to 19th century. The era was marked with the major changes in the transport industry, mining, manufacturing and agriculture. This was due(p) to the profound impact of the early agriculture on the cultural and socioeconomic aspects concerning tidy sums lives. The result of the industrial revolution spread throughout North America, Europe and the entire world with time. This marks the major turning point in early life and history of man as the industrial revolution influenced almost all aspects of human life in the present civilization. There was a rapid population growth and improved standards of living due to the advancement of the industrial revolution (Triece, 2007). This paper is going to cover all aspects of family life and put to work life as reprinting spheres and how they create both men and women experiences today.With the advancement of the ancient technology , family life shifted to women expectation while the men dominated the business life. This is extremely evident as most of the duties at during the ancient time required lots of determination and work force. Most of the work was so tiresome for women due to their nature of being less masculine. In this regard, work life is a balance of concepts that usually entails good prioritizing with an indivi triples lifestyle and work. These are the choices that individuals entertain in their lives concerning different roles and duties in the community. A dramatic change is evident in both the demographic profiles and labor markets. Most of The families have embarked on the dual earner kind of living from the traditional mode that views the male as the only breadwinner.Relevant to this, the c... ...refore, the emergence of politics, religion and male public figures promoted the ideology of women as a civilizing force within the family home. For example, men took part in active war front in the Second World War while the women uphold them with their daily food supply and provision of medical care. Some women roles declined to the extent of acting as spies and providing the relevant information to the men in battle. In conclusion, the separate spheres mainly acted as a reminder to both genders concerning their duties and roles concerning the entire society expectations towards them (Tronto, 2013).ReferencesTriece, M. E. (2007). On the picket line Strategies of working-class women during the depression. Urbana University of Illinois Press.Tronto, J. C. (2013). Caring democracy Markets, equality, and justice. red-hot York New York University Press.

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia: The Future of Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia The Future of Euthanasia Non-voluntary euthanasia seems to be the natural direction in which euthanasia practice evolves. In the Netherlands at the present time, in that respect is a fear on the part of the aged, about being taken to the hospital - where the doctor may have the last word about intent and death. This essay digs into this evolutionary process of voluntary euthanasia evolving into the non-voluntary type. Advocates of legalised euthanasia almost always insist that they only want voluntary euthanasia (VE) - a they say they are as opposed to the taking of life without the subjects knowledge or consent, that is, non-voluntary euthanasia (NVE), as anyone else. Some do extend their advocacy to both(prenominal) examples of NVE, such as seriously deformed newborns, 1 where consent would not be possible, but this is not usual. It is widely accepted that sufficient protection against the unwanted reference point of VE to NVE would be ensured by the inclusion of appropriate legal safeguards. As safeguards, clauses are proposed that would require the doctor to be satisfied that the patients request was freely made and sufficiently informed, that there was no psychological abnormality such as depression, and possibly by requiring psychiatric consultation, that more than one doctor be involved in the decision that it was medically appropriate to take life in the circumstances, and that there be adequate documentation. It is also common to find rightfulnessyers who declare that such laws would be feasible to devise, though it is less common to find actual draft laws published for discussion. In one sense, those lawyers are correct when they say such law would be possible - but they stop short of addressing t... ...thout explicit request of patient. Lancet 1993 341 1196-1199. 12,Van Delden JJM, Pijnenborg L, van der Maas PJ. The Remmelink answer for Two Years Later. Hastings Center Report 1993 Nov/Dec 24-27. 13.Fenigsen R. The Netherlands New Regulations Concerning Euthanasia. Issues Law Med 1993 9 167-171. 14.Id. p 170. 15.Brownstein EG. Neonatal Euthanasia Case Law in the Netherlands. Aust Law J 1997 7 54-58. 16.Washington vs Glucksberg, 117 SCt 2303. 17. Stevens C, Hassan R. Management of death, death and euthanasia attitudes and practices of medical practitioners in South Australia. J Med Ethics 1994. Meier DE, Emmons CA, Wallenstein S, Quill T, Morrison RS, Cassel CK. A National Survey of Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the United States. N Eng J Med 1998 338 1193-1201. 20 41-46.

Indian Contributions :: essays research papers

President BushThe strength of our Nation comes from its tribe. As the early inhabitants of this great land, the inhering peoples of North America played a unique role in the shaping of our Nations history and culture. During the month when we celebrate Thanksgiving, we especially celebrate their heritage and the contributions of American Indian and Alaska Native peoples to this Nation.The contribution of the American Indian to the English language is something that is frequently overlooked. These words range from such common English words as "raccoon," "moose," "quahog" and "mackinaw" to literally thousands of place names "Chicago," "Tallahassee," "Cheyenne," "Hackensack," "Keokuk," "Rockaway," and many others. Historians point off that the first settlers on American shores discovered many things they had never seen beforehand and which appeared nowhere else in the world. To get the English words fo r an Indian objects the settlers simply spelled out as best they could in English their impression of the Indian sounds. understandably there were often various spellings. An early spelling for skunk was "squuncke," a persimmon was first spelled "putchamins" and the Niagara was the "ongniaahra." One political word widely used today, "caucus," appeared in several of the Indian languages.A case can be made that contact with American Indians actually served as one of the catalysts for the Scientific Revolution in Europe. In 1571 King Philip II of Spain commissioned physician Francisco Hernandez to document the medicinal seeds, plants, and herbs that the Aztec used. Spanish physicians exploring indigenous American cures soon published three textbooks based on this information including one on surgery.Although more than 200 of the plants that American Indians (from North, Meso-, and South America) used as remedies became part of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, an official listing of all effective medicines, the originators of these remedies often remain unacknowledged.Freeze-dried food, syringes, rootbeer, rubberized clothing, beef jerky, and many of the tenets of the United States Constitution are only a few of the independent inventions and original discoveries that American Indian people gave to the world.American Indian agriculture has had a significant effect on worldwide agriculture and economy. Jack Weatherford, in his book Indian Givers How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, pointed out that Indians cultivated over 300 food crops, and contributed to the world three- fifths of the crops now in cultivation. The Indian farmers of North and South America gave the world corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, beans, pumpkins, squash, chocolate, vanilla, papayas, persimmons, jicama, pecans, chilies, hickory nuts, peanuts, cassava, helianthus seeds, maple syrup, tapioca, and avocados.

Indian Contributions :: essays research papers

President BushThe strength of our Nation comes from its mass. As the early inhabitants of this great land, the aboriginal peoples of North America played a unique role in the shaping of our Nations history and culture. During the month when we celebrate Thanksgiving, we especially celebrate their heritage and the contributions of American Indian and Alaska Native peoples to this Nation.The contribution of the American Indian to the English language is something that is much overlooked. These words range from such common English words as "raccoon," "moose," "quahog" and "mackinaw" to literally thousands of place names "Chicago," "Tallahassee," "Cheyenne," "Hackensack," "Keokuk," "Rockaway," and many others. Historians point away that the first settlers on American shores discovered many things they had never seen out front and which appeared nowhere else in the world. To get the English words for an Indian objects the settlers simply spelled out as best they could in English their impression of the Indian sounds. clearly there were often various spellings. An early spelling for skunk was "squuncke," a persimmon was first spelled "putchamins" and the Niagara was the "ongniaahra." One political word widely used today, "caucus," appeared in several of the Indian languages.A case can be made that contact with American Indians actually served as one of the catalysts for the Scientific Revolution in Europe. In 1571 King Philip II of Spain commissioned physician Francisco Hernandez to document the medicinal seeds, plants, and herbs that the Aztec used. Spanish physicians exploring indigenous American cures soon published three textbooks based on this information including one on surgery.Although more than 200 of the plants that American Indians (from North, Meso-, and South America) used as remedies became part of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, an official lis ting of all effective medicines, the originators of these remedies often remain unacknowledged.Freeze-dried food, syringes, rootbeer, rubberized clothing, beef jerky, and many of the tenets of the United States Constitution are only a few of the independent inventions and original discoveries that American Indian people gave to the world.American Indian agriculture has had a significant effect on worldwide agriculture and economy. Jack Weatherford, in his book Indian Givers How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, pointed out that Indians cultivated over 300 food crops, and contributed to the world three- fifths of the crops now in cultivation. The Indian farmers of North and South America gave the world corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, beans, pumpkins, squash, chocolate, vanilla, papayas, persimmons, jicama, pecans, chilies, hickory nuts, peanuts, cassava, sunflower seeds, maple syrup, tapioca, and avocados.

Marketing Skoda

I hit chosen washing dada because I believe they argon a very notional and innovative railway car company, from heir recent tinges of building their cars with cakes and other foods, this shows Soda are very creative, and this made me choose Soda. Before the adverts Soda were relatively unknown to me personally, as yet after seeing their creative adverts they stand out much as an organization. Explaining Soda Soda started of making bicycles this is quite unsung because it shows the creativity within the organization.They started of making bicycles and now they are making cars. Soda is a Czech company notwithstanding they give way merged with the Ger earthly concern car company Volkswagen. The history of Sodas rise from being a running Joke to becoming the most deservedly respected name In the car innovation is one of the triumphs of the modern era. Marketing communications At Its best creative marketing can have a huge effect on sales. This Is to a fault backed up by the gr eatest counter in the world Albert Einstein. Imagination is more grievous than Knowledge Marketing communications attempts to affect an listening rejoinder either rationally or emotionally. Objectives are written as hard or soft, goals such as attitudinal and behavioral, which consequently translate into sentience, column inches, evoked and vox populilessness sets, leads conversations and coupon responses. Jenkins (2006) Advertising relies on visual imagery to connect the perceptual with the conceptual, the signifier and the signified, the product and the product benefits. Schroeder and Borrowers (2005) Talking to the highest degree sensory The reaction of the backwash audience Is Important for Soda, The vowels reaction to marketing communications that Is meaningful and allows people to shake superstar of the presented message, to interpret the creative images. Movement and direction Our primitive instincts make us react very quickly to movement. Advertisements with mot ion get increased help and movement may make the advertisement overmuch more dynamic and creates repair impact. This is important because it helps the target audience to stay focused and pay attention.I believe Soda have done this very creatively. In their advert there is a lot of movement and the advert is resembling an adventure, it makes the target audience watch in anticipation because they motive to know what happens next. As we know people have short attention spans and movement Is an sound puppet to help the audience focus. The powerful effect of action Intensive advertise explains why TV and celluloid advertising Is so effective. Color and Intensity Advertising with a lot of color in draws attention to It.Color makes advertising more intense and can also make people pay attention for a longer time as we enjoy being sauce Dye Intense stimuli. color Is not and a tool to get peoples attention It also sets the mood in advertising. Soda has done this very sanitary as t hey have a unalike number of colourize in their advertisement. This sets the mood and also grips the audience. The color Soda use throughout their advertisement is green, green is now as a smooth and calm color this is very creative because the audience allow feel relaxed while watching the advertisement.Size and contrast Size is a good creative tool to use. It can be used with large letters, images and illustrations. If the advertisement is large the empty advertisement will generate curiosity. This is what is regularly called negative space in advertising. logical argument is an effective tactic in advertising. Soda use this very well on billboards, as they have a large car and have their workers round the car, and there is a green background, it s simple yet odd, this is what will get the audience attention.Sound The advertising Soda use is creative advertising on a big scale. Its imaginative, ambitious, painstakingly crafted and thanks in no small part to the soundtrack of Julie Andrews singing my favorite things. The sound that Soda us in their advert is enticing and draws the attention of the audience. It makes the audience neediness to know what happens next? It is exciting for the viewers. The beginning of the advert sets the tone for the advert, the start of the advert is important because if it is not the attention of the viewers will be gone.Sound is an integral ingredient in any advert, the reason being is that sound attempts to draw the viewers into the advert to improve their viewing experience. Soda knows advertising plays a huge part in nodes decision making process of which products and services to use, often without them even realizing, in particular television adverts, because of the vast expanse of potential customers they reach. They are a powerful tool in the marketing scheme of companies which can be used to access millions of homes and influencing people.The shout Soda use for their advert is catchy and grips the audience, in t he background a car is being made with cakes and the song is mellow so they fit in well together. Sound is a very powerful marketing tool. I believe the sound in the Soda advert arouses peoples attention, simply because when adverts come on consumers attention is not 100% compared to the consumer watching their program, therefore the sound needs to be used appropriately, I believe Soda use this very well because it is a catchy song and also a song that is not too loud and also the song is very rhythmic.Verbal taste We eat with our eye before we smell or taste. This is the taste smell out. The cake advert Soda has does exactly this, We know people eat with their eyes before they smell or taste, therefore The advert shows employees of Soda making a car out of Cakes, people love to eat cakes, therefore as soon as the viewers see the cakes there senses are triggered and the viewers like cake therefore they will like the car.This is very creative from Soda as viewers will be looking at the advert and thinking what is this? I expect this? It will Stick in peoples head, resulting in a better brand awareness or Soda. Humans have 10,000 taste buds therefore the advert is going to appeal to them, as soon as we see cake it triggers our taste buds and we want it. Next time a viewer is looking to buy a car they may think in their heads I want that cake car, and cakes are tasty odometer ten cake car wall De stagnantly Ana enjoys el D .Osaka use ten taste sense very well because as consumers are watching the adverts of the Soda cars it makes them want to actually taste the car as contrasting ingredients are used to create the car creating a sense of hunger within the consumer, and Soda cars could et consumers bipartite, as the eyes are more hungrier than the mouths. Visual is images Human sight has limited range 2/3rd of the sense cells in the body are located in the eye.This shows the importance of sight, the advertisement needs to be enjoyable and eye catching, if the v iewers see images they dont like then this could be very harmful for Soda because it will create a negative image for the company. Throughout the advert soda has used a different approach to conventional marketing as it has betrayed the car as a cake . This marketing campaign will show the viewers hat soda has put in a lot of time and effort so everything is made effectively and effectively.Soda has clearly illustrated that every part every nut and come off is hand crafted so this will appeal to customers as they have seen the car being made with their eyesight. Through the advert and also on the Soda website color has been used effectively as it has bright colors creating a relaxed mood, the color red is not used because this will mechanically trigger danger signs into viewers minds. The visual images Soda use are very good on both the television and internet adverts. The website is very colorful and has great visual help like videos and color.The television advertisement has a n umber of different colors, this sets the mood of the advert and gets the consumers attention, the consumers will be thinking wait a minute what have we got here? I want to watch this and it is also a catchy advert therefore consumers will remember this and it will enable consumers to think about Soda cars next time they are looking to purchase a new car. Tactile touch Soda has made a very effective marketing campaign illustrating the fun factor in soda vehicles.The fun factor is clearly visible which the customer can connect with resulting in customers wanting(p) to have fun which is connected to soda vehicles. Advert makes the viewers want to help touch the car, by helping to build the car because the employs are having so much fun building the car, also when the car is finished the viewers may want to drive a Soda as they know how much fun has gone into creating the car. I believe the Soda advert ticks all the boxes of 7 dimensions used to measure likeability. I believe the adver t makes the viewer want to touch the car o see how it feels and to also be apart in creating the car.The advert makes the viewer want to move closer to the advert quite an than move away from it because the adverts creates a sense of happiness. Genetics on Soda Genetics is all about how we communicate feelings, how we shape sounds and products. From the Soda adverts, billboards and website it makes us want to move closer to the company rather than move away, as they are all very appealing and are colorful. The advertisements for Soda are slender than numerous other car companies because the adverts show innovativeness and creativity.The Marketing for Soda also makes the customers happy, because the adverts and website are very colorful and there is a lot going on like moving objects. The marketing aspect of Soda has a tranquility about it because there advertisements inspire people who have seen them. How It can De enhance The most of import tool that facilitates learning is arou sal. When people in the target market get aroused they raise their awareness and their ability to react to new stimuli. The brain automatically interprets the arousal as being something important and important things must be memorized.By using powerful elements in advertising that creates arousal in the target audience the marketer can increase receptivity to the message. I believe Soda have a creative marketing campaign however to hammer their advertising on people they need to keep creating adverts like they have been doing but using them at the right time. By this I mean arousing customers is good however by placing the advertisement in an arousing context, this will help Soda more because by having their adverts on billboards in major football matches will arouse customers more as they are already aroused by the football match. I feelSoda have a great marketing campaign in place however I feel if Soda promised their customers a free cake with every purchase this could be a good marketing strategy because it carry on the add and for most people their senses will show when they see a cake in the bakery or supermarket they associate the cake with Soda. How Soda grab customers attention The most fundamental tools to gain peoples attention and to sustain their interest originate in perceptual psychology. Atkinson and Hillary (1996) Perception ability is a basic kind trait that helps us react intuitively to outside stimuli that may be important.The advertising tool Soda use in advertising is appealing to peoples internal instincts and they also try to make their advertisements stand out to get the target audience to pay attention and process the brand image. creative thinking compared to rivals If a customers goes on the Soda website they will feel exited and want to explore the website as color is used very efficiently, however if a consumer was to go on the BMW website is is boring and the customer will want to navigate away from the site as it has a lot of information on it and is very dull. The senses will react more on the Soda Bessie than the other car websites.The adverts are far more creative than their rivals also as Mercedes and BMW feel their brand name will sell, Soda has won a number of awards for their cars and this is displayed on their website, this shows Soda is a progressing organization. Reflective account I feel this course has changed my perceptions on marketing. Simply because before this module I would look at marketing of companies and not pay attention, however now I look at them differently. I analyses the marketing strategies in my head and think to myself why have they done this? Why didnt they do this?I was looking at the new polo car advert in the advert their is a man and a women dancing all they do in the advert is dance then a Polo car badge appears, this is very boring and dull, I thought to myself why didnt they use the advert better by having something to do with the car itself as it is a new model ca r and include different colors in the advert, the actual advert loses my interest within the first three seconds. I now look at creative marketing in a different way, in a funny kind of way my eyes have opened up now and I am 22 historic period old. I wish I did this module earlier as I could of used my knowledge I have gained.I believe creativity is very important for marketing, it can be uses In a Deterrent under AT ways, never I nave also learned Tanat It NAS to one used effectively in order to get the best results. I have learnt how we think as individuals, through our sensory triggers, I have also learnt how to put a creative thought into execution through the tutorials. I have learnt how creativity can influence consumer behavior and how creativity can influence our thinking about consumer wants and desires. Creativity is also a key determinant in the development of innovation, in both business and management.

To Examine Pressure Ulcers Health And Social Care Essay

Pressure ulcerations as stated by the European Pressure Ulcers consultive Panel ( EPUAP, 2007 ) A core per whole atomic number 18a ulcer is localised hurt to the pelt and/or underlying tissue normally oer a cadaverous prominence, as a consequence of guide per building block rural area, or force per whole area in combination with shear and/or clash. A figure of lending or confusing factors are besides associated with force per social unit area ulcers the significance of these factors is yet to be elucidated. In add-on, National institute for Clinical Excellence ( NICE, 2008 ) defines a force per unit area ulcers as A force per unit area ulcer is harm that occurs on the pelt and implicit in tissue. Pressure ulcers are caused by three chief things Pressure the weight of the organic structure pressing down on the skin. hook the go to sleeps of the tegument are forced to skid over one another or over deeper tissues, for illustration when you slide down, or are pulled u p, a bed or chair or when you are reassigning to and from yourwheelchair. Friction rubbing the tegument .Some of the force per unit area ulcers intrinsic causes ( built-in to single ) accommodate decrease mobility, incontinency ( Horn, 2004 ) , old age, malnutrition, hapless hygiene, dry tegument, diabetes mellitus and operating theater ( ex. hip assure ) and anemia ( Gunningberg, 2000 ) . Some extrinsic causes include clash, shearing forces, hypothermia ( Scott, 2001 ) and length of surgery ( Houwing, 2004 ) . Pressure ulcers are a common complication of lessening mobility due to hip break with reported incidence of between 8.8 % and 55 % ( Baumgarten, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Versluysen ( 1985 ) , 17 % of patients that is admitted to hospital for surgery had force per unit area ulcers upon admittance and that 34 % developed lesions during the first hebdomad of stay in infirmary. Versluysen ( 1986 ) conducted another survey that 66 % of the patients with hip break developed f orce per unit area ulcer, bulk of these force per unit area ulcers appeared during the first 48 hours of admittance. Incontinence increases the act of tone downing a force per unit area ulcer because of the inordinate wet on the tegument, moist tegument adhere to the mattress therefore consequences to increased shearing forces ( Defloor and Grypdonck, 1999 ) . Dry tegument besides increases the hazard of holding force per unit area ulcers because of the reduced snap of the tegument ( Gunnigberg, 2000 ) . Surgery itself ( Lindgren, 2005 ) and length of surgery of 4 hours or more ( Schoonhoven, 2002 ) have been reported to increase the hazard of evolution a force per unit area ulcer.In 2005, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence has issued clinical guidelines to the National Health Service ( NHS ) about force per unit area ulcers. The guidelines are about bar and intervention of force per unit area ulcers, which are recommended for the usage of physicians, nurses and othe r health care professionals working in the National Health Service in England and Wales. The guidelines were prepared by health care professionals, scientist, and throng stand foring the position of those who have or attention for person with the status. The groups make a recommendation based on the grounds available at the cut the recommendation is made on the best manner of handling or pull offing the status, and these clinical guidelines are recommended for good pattern. Under these NICE guidelines ( 2005 ) , it recommends that healthcare professional work together with the patients in order for the patients to hold an active function in doing determination sing their program of attention with the pick to be active their carer if they wished to. It besides mentioned that health care squad should esteem and take into consideration the patient s cognition, experience, and demands, particularly if the patient has have been at hazard of developing force per unit area ulcers for a long clip. Furthermore, it besides mentioned that patients and carer should be given developing and information as to the grounds why the patient is at hazard of developing force per unit area ulcer, parts of the organic structure roughly at hazard to hold force per unit area ulcer, how to inspect the tegument and acknowledge the alterations in the tegument, how to alleviate force per unit area, and supply information to the patient and carer where to happen aid, advice, and support. Pressure on the tegument over cadaverous prominence such as sacrum, hips, cubituss, mortise joints, heels and shoulder causes decreased blood flow to the tissue, therefore cut downing tissue oxygenation. If this force per unit area is non relieved, the affected untaught starts to alter coloring material, inflammation to patients with just skin tone and bluish for patients with darker tegument tone and deemed to be at hazard ( EPUAP, 2009 ) and whitethorn turn out to be difficult to observe, which so advancement to a more intensive tissue hurt if no attention is given.Members of the European Pressure Ulcers Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ( 2009 ) have had on-going treatment about many similarities the two organisation s force per unit area ulcer grading/staging systems. They developed a common international categorization system and comment for force per unit area ulcers. EPUAP and NPUAP attempted to happen a common word to depict the class and phase but to no help. The word class was recommended as a impersonal term against phase and class and has the advantage of being non-hierarchical. They recognize that there is a similarity to the words phase and class, and hence, they suggested to utilize whatever is most clear and understood. The most important addition from this partnership is that the degrees of skin-tissue harm and definition of force per unit area ulcer are the same, even though they may be labelled otherwise.Pressure ulcers are classifi ed into four ( 4 ) stages/categories based on the EPUAP ( 2009 ) categorization system. Non-blanching erythema is labelled as grade/category I, the tegument is integral with inflammation that is non-blanching of a localised country over a bony prominence when light force per unit area is applied. The affected country may be painful, house, soft, and heater or ice chest compared to the environing tissue. As mentioned earlier, patients with dark skin tone may be hard to measure and hold at hazard . Partial thickness skin loss of both or either one of the first or 2nd bed of the tegument called cuticle and corium is classed as stage/category II, this stage/category of force per unit area ulcer presents itself in many ways, it can be a ruddy or glistening shallow ulcer without gangrene ( bed of dead tissue separated from the environing ) , may besides show itself as an integral or ruptured sero-sanginous filled or serum-filled blister, or merely bruising. Stage/category III is characte rized with full thickness skin loss it involves harm to or the loss of hypodermic fat but non musculus, sinew, or bone. Pressure ulcer in this stage/category varies harmonizing to the site affected. Stage/category IV portraits as force per unit area ulcer with full thickness skin loss with extended harm of tissue which may include musculuss, facia, and other supporting(a) construction and may set the patient at hazard of developing osteomyelitis or osteitis.NMC Code of Conduct ( 2008 )EPUAP definition ( 2007 ) hypertext transfer protocol //www.npuap.org/pr2.htmNice definition hypertext transfer protocol //www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG029publicinfo.pdfVersluysen M. Pressure sores in aged patients. The epidemiology related to hip operations. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1985 67 10-3.Versluysen M. How aged patients with femoral break develop force per unit area sores in infirmary. BMJ 1986 292 1311-3.Defloor T, Grypdonck MH. Siting position and bar of force per unit area ulcers. Appl Nu rs Res 1999 12 136-42.Gunningberg L, Lindholm C, Carlsson M, Sjoden PO. The development of force per unit area ulcers in patients with hep breaks unequal nursing certification is still a job. J Adv Nurs2000 311155-64.Lindgren M, Unosson M, Krantz AM, Ek AC. Pressure ulcer hazard factors in patients undergoing surgery. J Adv Nurs 2005 50 605-12.Schoonhoven L, Defloor T, new wave der Tweel I, BuskensE, Grypdonck MH. Hazard indexs for force per unit area ulcers during surgery. Appl Nurs Res 2002 15 163-73.EPUAP hypertext transfer protocol //www.epuap.org/guidelines/Final_Quick_Prevention.pdf ( 2009 )Lindholm C, Sterner E, Romanelli M, Pina E, Torra y Bou J, Hietanen H, Iivanainen A, Gunningberg L, Hommel A, Klang B, Dealey C. Hip break and force per unit area ulcers the Pan-European Pressure Ulcer Study intrinsic andextrinsic hazard factors. Int smart J 2008 5315-328.Scott EM, Leaper DJ, Clark M, Kelly PJ. Effectss ofwarming therapy on force per unit area ulcers a randomised t est. AORN J 2001 73921-7,929-33,936-28.Houwing R, Rozendaal M, Wouters-Wesseling W, Buskens E, Keller P, Haalboom J. Pressure ulcerrisk in hep break patients. Acta Orthop2004 75390-3.Gunningberg L, Lindholm C, Carlsson M, Sjoden PO. Effect of visco-elastic froth mattresses on the development of force per unit area ulcers in patients with hep breaks. J Wound Care 2000 9455-60.Baumgarten M, Margolis D, Berlin JA, Strom BL, Garino J, Kagan SH, Kavesh W, Carson JL. Riskfactors for force per unit area ulcers among aged hip break patients. Wound Repair Regen 2003 1196-103.Horn SD, Bender SA, Ferguson ML, Smout RJ, Bergstrom N, Taler G, Cook AS, Sharkey SS, Voss AC. The National Pressure Ulcer Long-Term Care Study force per unit area ulcer development in long-run attention occupants. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004 52359-67.

Climax and Anticlimax

1. The meaning of approaching and anti finish The Greek word flood tide means ladder the Latin gradatio means ascent, climbing up. In climax we deal with strings of synonyms or at least semantic ally cogitate words belonging to the same thematic group. 4, p. 155 According to Efimov L. P. , climax (or Gradation) is the figure of unequality, which consists in arranging the utterance so that each subsequent component of it make ups importee, magnificence or horny tension of narration. 1, p. 69 Galperin I. R. iews climax as an arrangement of sentences (or of the homogeneous move of one sentence) which secures a in small stages increase in significance, importance, or wound up tension in the utterance, as in It was a lovely city, a beautiful city, a fair city, a veritable gem of a city. or in Ne barrier wall, ne river deep and wide, Ne horrid crags, nor mountains dark and tall Rise like the rocks that part Hispanias land from Gaul. (Byron) Gradual increase in emotional evalua tion in the first illustration and in significance in the second is realized by the distribution of the corresponding lexical items.Each successive unit is perceived as stronger than the preceding one. Of course, there be no objective linguistic criteria to estimate the degree of importance or significance of each constituent. It is only the formal homogeneity of these component parts and the test of synonymy in the words lovely, beautiful, fair, veritable gem, in the first example and the sex act inaccessibility of the barriers wall, river, crags, mountains together with the epithets deep and wide horrid, dark and tall that make us feel the increase in importance of each. 1, p. 220 2. Different types of climax A gradual increase in significance whitethorn be maintained in three ways logical, emotional and quantitative. Logical climax is based on the sexual relation importance of the component parts looked at from the point of view of the concepts embodied in them. This relative i mportance whitethorn be evaluated both objectively and subjectively, the originators military position towards the objects or phenomena in question being disclosed. Thus, the dramatiseing paragraph from Dickenss Christmas Carol shows the relative importance in the uthors mind of the things and phenomena described Nobody ever stop him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me? No beggars imgjored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked Jiim what it -was oclock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to much(prenominal) and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blind mens dogs appeared to know him, and when they dictum him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts and then would wag their tails, as though they said, No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark chieftain The put up of the statements shows what the author considers the culmination of the climax. The passage by Dickens should be considered subjective, because there is no general recognition of the relative significance of the statements in the paragraph. The climax in the lines from Byrons Ne barrier may be considered objective because such things as wall, river, crags, mountains are objectively ranked according to their accessibility. Emotional climax is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words with emotive meaning, as in the first example with the words lovely, beautiful, fair.Of course, emotional climax based on synonymous strings of words with emotive meaning will inevitably cause certain semantic differences in these words such is the linguistic nature of stylistic synonyms, but emotive meaning will be the prevailing one. Emotional climax is mainly found in sentences, more rarely in longer syntactical units. This is natural. Emotional charge cannot hold long. As becomes obvious from the analysis of the above examples of climatic launch, the arrangement of the comp onent parts calls for parallel construction which, being a kind of syntactical repetition, is frequently accompanied by lexical repetition.Here is another example of emotional climax built on this mock up He was pleased when the child began to adventure across the floors on hand and knees he was gratified, when she managed the trick of balancing herself on two legs he was delighted when she first said ta-ta and he was rejoiced when she recognized him and smiled at him. (Alan Paton) Finally, we come to quantitative climax. This is an evident increase in the volume of the corresponding concepts, as in They looked at hundreds of houses they climbed thousands of stairs they inspected innumerable kitchens. (Maugham) Here the climax is achieved by simple numerical increase. 1, p. 220 3. The indispensable constituents of climax What then are the indispensable constituents of climax? They are a)the distributional constituent close proximity of the component parts arranged in increasing o rder of importance or significance b)the syntactical pattern parallel constructions with possible lexical repetition c)the connotative constituent the explanatory context which helps the reader to grasp the gradation, as no. .. ver once in all his life, nobody ever, nobody, No beggars (Dickens) deep and wide, horrid, dark and tall (Byron) veritable (gem of a city). Climax, like many other stylistic devices, is a means by which the author discloses his world outlook, his evaluation of objective facts and phenomena. The concrete stylistic function of this device is to show the relative importance of things as seen by the author (especially in emotional climax), or to impress upon the reader the significance of the things described by suggested comparison, or to depict phenomena dynamically. 3. What is Anticlimax?According to Efimov, bathos (or Bathos) is a stylistic device which consists in arranging the utterance so that each subsequent component of it decreases significance, import ance or emotional tension of narration If Johns eyes contact with tears, you may have no doubt he has been eating raw onions. 2, p. 70 Kukharenko V. A. views anticlimax as an unexpected turn of the thought which defeats expectations of the reader (listener) and ends in perfect(a) semantic reversal of the emphasized idea. 3, p. 93 The device thus called is characterized by some authors as back gradation.As its very name shows, it is the opposite to climax, but this supposal is not kinda correct. It would serve no purpose whatever making the second element weaker than the first, the third still weaker, and so on. A real anticlimax is a sudden deception of the recepient it consists in adding one weaker element to one or several strong ones, mentioned before. The recepient is disaappointed in his expectations he predicted a stronger element to follow instead, some insignificant idea follows the significant one (ones). Needless to say, anticlimax is employed with a humorous aim.For ex ample, in Its abloody lie and not quite true, we see the absurdity of mixing up an offensive statement with a polite remark. 4, p. 156 The ideas expressed may be arranged in ascending order of significance, or they may be poetical or elevated, but the final one, which the reader expects to be the culminating one, as in climax, is trifling or farcical. There is a sudden drop from the lofty or serious to the ridiculous. A typical example is Aesops fable The Mountain in Labour. In days of yore, a mighty rumbling was heard in a Mountain.It was said to be in labour, and multitudes flocked together, from far and near, to see what it would produce. After long expectation and many omniscient conjectures from the bystanders out popped, a Mouse Here we have deliberate anticlimax, which is a recognized form of humour. Anti- climax is frequently used by humorists like fall guy Twain and Jerome K. Jerome. In Three Men in a Boat, for example, a poetical passage is invariably followed by ludic rous scene. For example, the author expands on the beauties of the sunset on the river and concludes But we didnt sail into the world of golden sunset we went slap into that old punt where the gentlemen were fishing. Another example is This war-like speech, received with many a cheer, Had filled them with desire of fame, and beer (Byron) 1, p. 221 4. Conclusions There are some types of semantically complicated parallelism. They are presente by climax and anticlimax. Climax, like many other stylistic devices, is a means by which the author discloses his world, outlook, his evaluation of objective facts and phenomena.The concrete stylistic function of this device is to show the relative importance of things as seen by the author (especially in emotional climax), or to impress upon the reader the significance of the things described by suggested comparison, or to depict phenomena dynamically. Climax which increases emotional tension of the utterance may be called emotional. Emotional gradation is created by synonymic words with emotive meanings nice handsome beautiful marvellous gorgeous Climax revealing the quantity of objects may be called quantitative There were dozens of planets, hundreds of meteorites, innumerable number of stars.There is a device which is called anticlimax. The ideas expressed may be arranged in ascending order of significance, or they may be poetical or elevated, but the final one, which the reader expects to be the culminating one, as in climax, is trifling or farcical. There is a sudden drop from the lofty or serious to the ridiculous. For example The fire burnt Johns house down and he lost his cell phone. Yesterday I had good sleep but I have to meet my uncle today. References 1. ?. ?. / ?. . . ?. , 1981 2. ?. ?. , ?. ?. ? . - . , 2004. ?. 69-71 3. ?. ?. ? . . , 2000 160 ?. 4. ?. ?. - ? . . . / ?. ?. . 2-? . , . ?. , 2003. 221, 3 ?. ( . ).

Deception Point Page 18

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Positive Psychology in the Workplace

Positive Psychology in the Workplace Sandie Tharp University of Charleston English II Nada Najjar March 30th, 2013 Positive Psychology in the Workplace It has been proven that positive psychology in the exitplace give the bounce improve and enhance workplace propitiation be character employees argon to a greater extent confident and are better able to manage stress and adversity. Employees that are happier with their work environment are typically more motivated and are more likely to pursue growth and development. Job satisfaction is an engine that drives organizations to success and keeps turnover rate to a minimum.An article from Harvard disdain Review states that a decade of look for proves that happiness raises nearly each business and educational outcome raising sales by 37%, productiveness by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a myriad of health and quality of life improvements (2011, Archor). Additionally, the originator Archor asks if there is eitherthing that a comp all can do to affect employee happiness and should a company invest resources into happiness. One avenue to happiness is using information as a tool that can be used to help employees to learn to manage stress.The first step is explaining the goal of the organization and how the employee contributes to that goal. Clear goals and expectations restore out the mile post marking the marathon, by having clearly marked points of achievement for individuals or teams giving them a clear map to their success. Its the managers responsibility to verify the goals of the team members, identify the common goal, and verify that they are in alignment with the organization goals. The queen James Version of the ledger states train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it (Proverbs. 26- King James Version). On the job training is the adult equivalent to raising a child. Putting subordinates on the path of success by providing the focus of the organizational instead of having the employee assuming or guessing about what to do causing stress and uncertainty. The economics of happiness in the workplace means that happy employees can help achieve organizational goals more easily because they are ready to give their best. Companies like Google and DreamWorks empower employees to use creative freedom in every day decision making.Google was a company that had to come up with a quick plan to reduce the turnover rate of their women employees because the turnover rate was touching Googles bottom line. In response, Google implemented a 5 month paid maternity plan, which gave new mothers the ability to take all the time upfront or to divide the time as needed. This new incentive plan reduced turnover by 50 percent among women and cost the firm no more than hiring a new employee. Googles President Laszlo Bock, states that if you factor in the savings in recruitment costs, granting mothers five months of leave doesnt cost Google any m ore money (2013,Manjool).The new maternity policy that Google has implemented exemplifies why Google has become one of the best employers in the world, taking a major cause of employee turnover from a crippling weakness to a world class strength. Carolinas Healthcare is a system that contains 32 affiliated hospitals in North and confederation Carolina and is one of the leading healthcare systems in the southeast Carolinas Healthcare employs over 44,000 employees. Managing such a large number of employees would be a challenge for any organization, but CHS has stepped up to the plate and has met that challenge and is leading the way for positive work environment.During a recent employee survey conducted by Morehead and Associates, CHS ranked in the ninetieth percentile in the national ranking of employee satisfaction. Carolinas Healthcare System already has a reputation of being An Employer of Choice, recognized by the JD Power and Associates in 2011 (2012,Tarwater). This credit rat ing has helped attracted top doctors and other medical professionals from all over the world. CHS concentrates on growth and expansion which helps generate excitement throughout the organization. Carolinas HealthCare System ecognizes that the employees are its most(prenominal) valuable asset and is dedicated to the growth and contentment of its employees. CHS recognizes that encouraging employees to continue educational growth will result in higher functioning, more competent workforce. Currently CHS offers an educational plan that reimburses employees for covered educational expenses and flexible scheduling around educational opportunities. Like Google with its maternity benefit, CHS has recognized that employees need and desire a clear path to growth and addresses this need with the educational assistance plan.Many organizations recognize the value of multiple bottom lines beyond monetary profit. Today the focus is on providing an environment based on positive interactions, outc omes and sustainability of the workforce. Organizations necessitate come to realize that emotional intelligence and understanding is what allows employees to make believe positive interactions with customers and co-workers. According to Psych Central research has shown that employees who are fully engaged in the work they do, and who have a sense of intrinsic motivation, are likely to perform better and a have better work outcomes (2011, Wilner).To achieve these outcomes it is up to the organization to involve the employees and allow them to uncover their individual gifts and have the independence to use them for the common goals. Allowing employees to be conglomerate gives them accountability for the success of the organization and a sense of pride, happiness and fulfillment. Positive psychology in the workplace can improve and enhance workplace satisfaction and have a positive impact on the organizations bottom line. Companies like Google and Carolinas Healthcare understand the importance of a positive work environment.Both have provided pathways to fulfillment, whether through providing enhancement programs or through fostering positive interaction. Firms must continually look for avenues to promote growth, fulfillment and ultimately employee satisfaction if they are continue to improve the bottom line. It has been said that cheaper isnt better better is better. Today a better work force is cheaper than a cheap one. By continuing to harvest the fruits of a cohesive team built over time, an organization creates synergies that have a much greater return than the firm invests to create them. References Archor, S. (2011). The Happiness Dividend.Retrieved from http//blogs. hbr. org/cs/2011/06/the_happiness_dividend. html Bible King James Version (1997). Proverbs 226. Hendrickson Publishers Peabody. MA. Manjool, F. (2013). Heres How Google Became Such A Great Place To Work. Retrieved from http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2013/01/22/working-at-google_n_2526889. html Tarwater, M. (2012). Employee rapture. Retrieved from www. carolinashealthcare. org Wilner, J. (2011). 5 Ways Positive Psychology can Improve the Workplace. Retrieved from http//blogs. psychcentral. com/positive-psychology/2011/11/5-ways-positive-psychology-can-improve-the-workplace/

Theory of Occupational Therapy

OT is the art (because it is very tell apart) and science of enabling engagment in everyday living, done byplay of enabling companionship to action the airs that foster healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and inclusive purchase order (things that are done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding and so ontera ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy demarcations of life.OT is the art (because it is very individualized) and science of enabling engagment in everyday living, through problem of enabling people to achieve the occupations that foster healsth and well-being and of enabling a just and inclusive society (things that are done to advocate on their behalf in world of education, funding etcetera ) so that lal peopl emay participate to their potential in the dialy occupations of life.Theory of Ocupational Therapy OT is very client- centered how the individual defines the activity is what is serious Hisotry of O T Early 1900s there was a shift toward understanding that it was key to be wellnessy and happy- started mostly in mental health (started in mental asylems with occupational aids) realized that when there were given jobs and were meaningfullly occupied they got better quickerDunton 1919 occupation is as necessary to life as food and drink every human being should select both physical and mental occupations all(prenominal) should puddle occupations which they engoy, or hobbies sick minds, sick bodies and sick souls may be healthed thru occupation thus ocupation was defined as both the do of import of concern and the theapeutic medium of occupational therapyWWI Diversional therapy to divert attention apart from injury and illness The war lsted much longer so many more than disbled than had anticipated, found that diverting attention away from their physial problems really helped them War-aids the early Ots, helped adapt activities for soldiers to participate in society (worked mostly with individuals who had a loss of limb) 0s- 90s Therapeutic shift curative potential of actibities non occupation Enablement of meaningful occupation focus on occupational roles in society First Canadian occupational therapy guidelines on client-centred practice did not refer to occupation but rather to the therapeutic use of activity Present focusing on enablement of meaningful occupation focus on occupational roles in society not just about giving people something to doOccupation Groups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named, organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking later themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic material of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is more than work they are human activities or tasks organized to fulfil a particular wait on OccupationGroups of activities and tasks of everydy life, named , organized and given meaning by individuals and a culture, It iseverything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care0, enjouing life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of their communities (productivity) Shows that it is more than work they are human activities or tasks organized to fulfil a particular function Definitions Enabling occupationOT is necessary when solutions to engagement in the occupations of everyday living become a challenge, or are at risk of becoming a challenge when solutions to performing or engaging in desired occupations become difficult Collaborating with people to choose, organize and perform occupations which people find useful or meaningful in a given milieu Engage doing or participating, draw into, involve opposites, involve oneself, becomes occupiedTask set of purposeful activities in which a person engages i. e writing a report exertion grassroots unit of a task, singular pursuit that contributes to the completion of a task Occupation is braoder than either of these as it get overes more than one task, while tasks encompass more than one activity Key Features of Occupations 1) Affects Health 2) organize time and brings structure to life 3) brings meaning to life ) are idiosyncratic very individualized occupations can also be maladaptive- risky, unhealthy, illegal and illicit eg. Smoking Basic Human Need Dundons credo about occupation demonstrates how occupation is a basic human need Occupations provide people with a flow experience demands of an occuption are in harmony with the skills of the person and the environment in which the occupation is performed Determinants of HealthHealth is viewed as more than the absence of disease and is infuenced by what people do in everyday life In 20th century occupation was discovered to concur a motivating effect on wonded soldiers coming home from war Alma Ata Declaration of Health for All by the Year 2000 made clear th at health depends on people having meaninful occupations which provide them with housing, empoyment, community and enjoymentSource of meaning Psychological motivation and volition are dependent on people finding meaning in the occupations that comprise their everyday life The meaning of an occupation is individual and culturally determined Meaning differs from purpose in occupation can be meaninful to person/ group without any identifiable purpose Source of PurposeThere is no universal syllabusification of the purpose of occupation Canadian therapist defined 3 main purposes 1) self care, 2) productivity, and 3) leisure But it is relly determined by individual necessitate and desires within an environmental context Athough classification is arbitrary it offs a convenient and realizable way of explaing occupation to clients, professionals , also helps prompt Ots to think about the full range of occupations in a life Source of Choice and manoeuvre Control is more than choice.Peopl e may make choices about their occupations but have little control to act on choices. There is an element of personal control when people show persistence or find creative ways of following up on their choices. Contol is dependent on opportunities provided by the environment Source of remnant and Satisfaction Balance refers to the pattern of occupation over days or years Personal views of balance are influenced by cultrual and other environmental expectations course Occupation can be used as a descriptor of hman behaviours to provide new perspectivesabout occupation occupational . Behaviour aspect or class of human action that encompasses mental and physical doing 2. Competence adequacy or sufficency in an occupational skill, meeting all requirements of an environment 3. Dvelopmetn gradual change in occupational behaviour over time, resulting from the growth and maturation of the individual in interaction with the environment 4. Performance the actual execution or carrying out of a n occupation 5. Function usual or required occupations of an individual Person * Believe in worth of all persons holistic view New Canadian specimen of Occupational Performance presents the person as integrated whole who incorporatses spirituality, social and cultural experiences, and observable occupational performance Spirituality (uniquely and truly human) * Has always been fundamental in canadian OT early badge that Ots ware depicted inegration of mind, body and spirtit * Recognizes inrinsic value and respecting their beliefs, values and goals, regardless of readiness, age or other characteristics * Consideration of S is a way of developing a clear appreciation for the uniqueness of each person in the occupational therapist-person relationshipPerformance * OT has traditionally attended to the performacne components which contribute to productive engagement in occupation * 3 performance componants include 1. affective the domain that comprises social and emotional function s and includes both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors 2. cognitive (thinking) the domain that comprises all mental functions both cognitive and intellectual, and includes, among other things, perception, concentration memory etc 3. physical (doing the domain that comprises all seonsory, motor and sensorimotor functions occupational performance the result of a dynamic relationship between eprsons, environment and occupation * refers to the ability to choose and satisfactorily perform meaninful occupations that are cultrually defined, and appropriate for looking after ones self, enjoying life, and contributing to the social ad economic fabric in a community * represents the actual execution or carrying out of occupation and is the experience of a person engaged in ocupation within an environment * person-environment congruence suggests the interdependence f humans and environment this helps ensure optimal occupational performanceOccupational Life rail line A developmental Pers pective * An enlarging spiral diagram shows ones cumulative experience in occupational performance grows over time, even if the number and diversity of occupations diminishes because of aging, disability, enviro, etc. * Occupational development may result in increasing complexity in some occupations but not thers development of self-care occupations may advance more quickly than development in productivity occupations or leisure may be omitted when self care and productivity are overwhelming Client Centred do Theme of being client centred in OT emerged in the early 1980s * CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others. Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise recognize clients experience and association CC practice refers to collaborative appraochs aimed t enabling occupation with clients who may be individuals, gorups, agencies, governments, corporations or others.Ots demonstrate respect for clients, involve clients indecision making, adocate with and for clients in meeting clients needs, and otherwise recognize clients experience and knowledge Started to emerge in the 1940s-mid 1960s started in social work * Underlying theme is recognition of the autonomy of the indiviudal person even though persons are mum to be interdependent in their environment * It represents an ethical stance by occupational therapists based on democratic ideas of empowerment and justiceClient individuals who may have occupational problems arising from medical conditions, transitional difficulties, or environmental barriesr, or clients may be placements hat influence the occupational performance of particular groups or populations Translated into practice through proccess of enablement clients are participents in occupational therapy Recognizes that people are activ e participants in occupational performance, whereas teatment and caregiving forms of helping are applied to people who are dependent on their helperEnabling refers to processes of facilitating, guiding, coaching, educating, prompting, listening, reflecting, encouraging, or otherwise collaborating with people so that individuals, groups and agencies or organizations have the means and opportnity to participate in shaing their own lives. Guiding Principles for Enabling Occupation in Client-centred serve * Base practive on client values, meaning and choice as much as possible * Listen to clients visions * Facilitaite processes for clients envisioning what might be possible * raise clients to examine risks/ consequences Support them to succeed, but also to risk and fail * Respect their own syles of coping or bringing about change * Guide clients to constitute needs from their own perspective * Facilitiate clients to choose outcomes that they define as meaninful even if OT doesnt agre e * Encourage and actively facilitate clients to participate in decision-making partnership in tharpy, programme planning, and policy formation * Provide info that will answer clients questions in making choices * Offer services that do not overwhelm clients with beuraucracy * parent open, clear communication Invite them to use their strengths and natural cummunity supports CMOP-E Canadian Model of Ocupational Performance and Engagemet Occupational performance is the relationship between persons, enviro and ocuupation over persons lifespan It refers to the ability to choose, organize, and satisfacotily perform meaningful occupations that are culturally defined and age appropriate for looking after oness self, enjoying life, and contribuint to the social and economic fabric of a community The CMOP graphically illustrates an occupational thereapy perspective on the dynamic relationship between persons, environment and occupation of all ersons Occupation occurs between person and envi ronment Everytime you key out a new client you need to think about all the different parts of the * Person (inner circle) The person in the middle converys Ots cient-cenred perspective, attends to the individuals occupational needs in his/her specific environment * spirituality (drive- essence) , * physical (strength, ROM, paralysis) * cognitive * affective (mood, mental health side) * Occupation (middle circle) * Selfcare * Productivity * Leisure * Environment (idea that occupation occurs in an environment) (outer circle) * Social Cultural (stigma based on religious view etc. culture of university/ family) * Institutional (policies, guidelines and practices about what can/cant do) * Physical (accessibility) sticker to first example Competence- actual or potential ability to engage in occupation * Ex. If you arent a good cook you tend to do other things (frozen/ other person cooks) tend to not continue to do things that you arent good at Deprivation prevented from taking part in occupation * Very burning(prenominal) Development gradual change in occupational behaviour How do people shape and evolve into the occupational couse of their lives Identity how you see yourself related to occupational roles * Big part of how we see ourselves Pattern predictable way of doing occupation PRACTICE Client vs. patient * Individuals are routinely called patients because they need to be taken care of (mainly in acute care) not a lot of choice in decision making Client-centred Practice In OT because you take into consideration what is important to YOU * Collaborative relationship with clients * Clients as active participants in therapy * Client is at the centre of practice Respect for client wishes, goals, and differences Occupational Issues Clearly distinct from symptoms not depression, cognition etc Occupational issues BECAUSE of the health issue challenges to occupational engagment ex/ if you have left sided weakness an occupational issue may be writing, dressing Occ upational Performance Issue Someone with a head injury where there is no physical change but could be difference in organization Prioritizing OPIs If someone has a head injury and you make a list of all the things you are wondering about and they confirm that they are effecting them then you have to prioritize How do you prioritize Find out what is really important to the client * What is safe * Limitations 35 female Karen married with 2 kids aged 6 and 3 teaches JK, has SCI, uses manual wheelchair ? 10 Possible OPIs? Child Care ? Cooking? Active playing with Kids? Driving to work? Changing baby diapers? Intimacy with fellow ? Cleaning ? Transfers? Hygiene ? Social Activities Limited ? o 2 Priority OPIs? Child Care? Hygiene ? o Treatment for OPIs Using Occupation/ use ? Child Care ? Policy change to increase social support? Hygiene? Shower Seat

Health Care Spending Paper Essay

This paper impart include the current wellness cover expendings whether spend is too very much or not enough, where the state should add or cut, how the publics wellness concern pick ups are paid and provide a forecast for the future scotch needfully, wherefore these needs must be addressed, how I envision these needs bequeath be financed and conclusion.Current wellness ExpendituresHealth carry on costs have been rising for several years. Expenditures in the United States on wellness care surpassed $2.3 trillion in 2008, more(prenominal) than ternion times the $714 billion spent in 1990, and everywhere eight times the $253 billion spent in 1980. Stemming this growth has become a major policy priority, as the brass, employers, and consumers increasingly struggle to keep up with wellness care cost. Hospital spending, the largest share of boilers suit wellness care spending, is a major driver of increased costs The current national expenditure have tripled over the last decade especially in hospital care, physician/clinical function and drug ( Kaiser, 2010). The United States is at an all time high in wellness care. In the health care system there are some factors that contribute to this increase. It is go aboutting to the point that more and more Americans cannot afford health care, because of the cost of health care is getting harder to maintain for their families.Whether Spending is too much or not enoughIt is difficult to pin point one exact factor why spending is escalating. The chart below states that hospital care, physician/clinical serve and prescription drugs are where the nigh spending is taking place (Kaiser, 2010). This shows we are spending too much, especially in these top three categories listed. When health care cost is steadily increasing, so we are spending a great hump in the list above. tribeal Health Expenditures, 2008 picSource Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statis tics GroupWhere the Nation Should Add or CutMedicare and Medicaid account for a significant share of health care spending (Kaiser, 2010) and also according to the above chart we could cut in the hospital care, physician/clinical services and prescription drugs. This is why we need to cut as far as the nation is concerned because these government programs Medicare and Medicaid are funding health cost at a steady growth. We have to work on controlling this program before it controls us. If we do not start cutting from somewhere we allow for be in a serious deficit for health care in the United States. Then we need to cut prescription drugs cost, so it can be affordable to everyone, so the government needs to talk terms the pharmaceutical companies closely to manage this expense.How the Publics Health tutorship needs are compensableAlthough Americans benefit from many of the investments in health care, the recent rapid cost growth, coupled with an overall economic slowdown and risi ng federal deficit, is placing great strains on the systems used to finance health care, including tete-a-tete employer-sponsored health insurancecoverage and public insurance programs such as Medicare and Medicaid ( Kaiser, 2010 ). The publics health care manufacturements are paid by Medicaid and Medicare if eligible for this government health program and other(a) private health insurance companies, for example Blue cross and Blue Shield, Aetna, Cigna and United Health Care are righteous a few the public health care is paid. There are some bulk who pay out of pocket, whether they can afford it or not.Forecast the Future Economic needsScott Donahue, vice hot seat of Triple Tree healthcare advisory group, agrees, pointing to statistics such as those found in the 2009 PricewaterhouseCoopers Health search Institute ponder that revealed nearly one half of the $2.2 trillion the United States spends each year on healthcare is wasted. While it is impossible to point to any single b reakdown contributing to the waste, it is clear from the studys goings that this is an industry that has significantly underutilized technology to improve efficiencies, he says, adding that cloud computing could economic aid shucks a healthcare system that is stuck in the inefficiencies and limitations found in older legacy systems (Chavis, 2011).There needs to be an investment in our technology system for health care for example electronic medical examination records (EMR) to better serve the patients and technology that is being required to give superior service and modify the suppliers wages, since in the hospital this is the fine-lookinggest cost. This is a start in the direction to accommodate the Americans who cannot afford health care. These small changes can contribute to a clear forecast in health care.Forecast why these needs must be addressThis issue needs to be address because health care cost is soaring and if we do not intercept and make some real changes the Am erican people give not afford medical services. The health providers and facilities are devising big money and they need to work with the people to help with this expense we have made. The government can help by fine tuning the Medicare and Medicaidprogram, so people can benefit fairly from it. We need to get proactive in prevention, so we our bodies will stay healthy for a long life.Forecast how I envision these needs will be financedI envision a new administration making some major changes to make health care affordable for all Americans. The private insurance companies will need to work on some alternative health care package to their consumers for health care cost. The government in Washington to stop thinking of them and focus on health care cost, so all can manage health expense and get continued quality care also. oddmentThe bottom line we need to concentrate on cutting cost of health care and quality care, which we all deserve as human beings. There is not just one factor that contributes to the health expenditure but several pieces to this puzzle that makes this a major health cost issue. We need to find ways to decrease spending too much, so people can benefit from their health plan. The nation should consider cutting hospital care, clinical services and prescription drugs, since these are the top expenses for health care. This would unimpeachably clear a path for reduced cost. The public can barely afford to pay premiums to their private health insurance companies but if they want coverage they have to pay. The ones who qualify for Medicare and Medicaid will get help from this government program for health care cost and yes some people calm pay out of pocket to maintain their health conditions.Technology is one investment to keep up with the growing health care needs of people. We must address these health cost concerns or they will get out of control, so we need to be proactive getting health care financially in shape to accommodate medical ser vice to all. I envision that all people will be covered by health care regardless of economic background. Americans need to get resources to apply better care of their health and invest in prevention, so our health will not endpoint in a chronic illness or an incurable disease. Then maybe the law makers in Washington will make sounddecision about our health care plan from other health care providers, so we can benefit and help with cost diminishing.ReferencesAccess My Library. (2004). Health Care Spending Hits 1.6 Trillion in 2002, Rising More Than Twice as Fast as U.S. Economy. Retrieved from http//www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-19942976_ITMChavis, S. (2011). sloppy Forecast for Health. For the Record, 23(4), 10.Getzen, T., Moore, J. (2007). Wiley Pathways health care Economics (1st. ed.). John Wiley & Sons.Kaiser. (2010). U.S. Health Care Costs. Retrieved from http//www.kaiseredu.org/Issue- Modules/US-Health-Care-Costs/Background-Brief.aspx.

Autobiography Essay

As a child, I suffered hardships in many areas of my life, so much so, that even as a young child, I knew my life was advantageously different than other children my age. While most children were carefree and out playing, I was inside cooking for myself, cleansing up the house, or watching after my bring forth. These were normal duties for me and had been for the past 2 years. My dumbfound was in the primitive of her addiction and nothing else in life seemed to matter except her drugs and her next mellow.I did what I had to do to take care of myself, my home, and my mom. I always believed she would wake up one day and realize what she was doing and invent things right, end all the madness that my life had become. Norman Vincent Peale once said, In every difficult patch is potential value. Believe this, then begin looking for it. The potential value, the opportunity came looking for me. The Department of Family and Children service showed up at my house when I was 9 years old .A new neighbor had called and complained that my mother was not fulfilling her duties as a mother and that they were worried about me. DFCS placed me with the Nelson Family, a grounded, stable, and devoutly ghostly foster family that promised to give me a better life. They were part of Winshape Homes, an organization of foster homes that was founded and supported by Truett Cathy, the founded of Chick-fil-a.rosemary and Rob, my foster parents, were licensed to have up to 15 children at a time in the household, so I viewed them as experts at raising kids. They showered me with unconditional love and showed me what a real family was all about. even up with 12 other siblings in the household, they took care of our individual needs, loved us the way we needed to be loved, and taught us everything they could. I spent 9 wonderful years with them before I graduated high school and moved onto college.I was dealt a bad hand, so to say, as a child, but I wouldnt change anything in my past. Everything I went finished made me stronger, helped me to appreciate what I have, and has taught me to not take things for granted. My mother was never there for me but I am an awesome mother to my children because of her. I am appreciative for the family I have now and I am grateful that I have lessons and wisdom to thatched roof my kids. There is always a light at the end of the tunnel, but you have to make it through the tunnel before you see the light.

Pornography and Sexual Violence Essay

The class is social psychology. Please use proper headings, double spacing, 12 pt font, one-inch margins, page numbering, and logical flow from topic to topic. Citations may be from the Web, texts, books or scientific journals. cartridge and newspaper citations are generally unacceptable. Please be pi draw poker film with your own views. Being with a strong, creative, original thesis clearly stating what you are trying to show. Pornography is a term utilized to depict the several(a)(a) kindleual practices and desires to arouse the viewer knowledgeablely. It should likewise be clearly distinguished from the term obscenity. porno is frequently utilized legally to suggest porno pictorial material. This material may be deemed as black-market if it crosses all the social barriers of decency and is liable for criminal punishment. Sexual images of women can create a positive watch or a negative becharm on man. Women can be portrayed as objects of sex, pleasure, vilification and violence. This has resulted in degradation of the status of women in the current world.Feminists throughout the world are objecting at the problems crock has created for women. During the early 1980s, pornography became a huge feminist issue. The political situation in the West was in any case changing during that period. People began to feel the need for greater touchstone of freedom. Several of the moral issues much(prenominal) as abortion, reproductive rights, familiarity, and so on began to be questioned. Abortion began to be accepted giving the women greater amount of take for everyplace their body. Today, women should be pure before the marriage and need to be loyal to their husbands during their married life.Marriage is a relationship in which sex is performed only for reproductive purposes and not for pleasure. If a woman indulged in sex outside their marriage, it was considered to be a form of prostitution. Frequently, women are compel into getting them photographe d for creating grown material. The pornographic industry throughout the world has turned out into a multibillion-dollar industry (about $ %6 billion), providing material in various forms including movies, internet, books, videos, etc.(Malamuth et al, 2005, Utah State University, 2007 & Webb, 2007).Recently, there has been an increase in the number of bailiwicks of child abuse throughout the world. The use up cause for this has not been understood clearly. A study conducted by Knudsen does not show a take aim relationship between familiar violence against children and pornography. A thorough assessment was created victimisation laboratory findings and case studies of those who had suffered from child sexual abuse. It was found that child sexual abuse was only affected to a slight and indirect extent by pornography (Knudsen, 2005). Frequently, people associate pornography with erotica. However, there is a lot of difference between these two aspects. Erotica is a situation of an intimate relationship between domain such that closeness, communication, intimacy and sexual arousal are felt. Erotica utilize various symbols for communication and the view of interaction. It could be considered to be one system of language or dialect. Hence, erotica is usually shared between people belonging to close group, culture, religion, sect, ethnic community, etc.People belonging to other communities, sects, group, etc, would be uneffective to share and communicate with their partner. Hence, the erotic appeal may not be present in such circumstances. Erotica cannot mix with brutality. To some extent erotica can vary from one taste to another. many a(prenominal) people use the term erotica in order to demonstrate and applaud pornography. However, both these toll need to be completely differentiated from one another. Pornography is the impose on _or_ oppress of women and children in the name of erotica.This misuse can be considered in two ways. Firstly, a woman may b e abused and forced into pornography through the erotica. Besides, many of the female pornography material depict man dominating and abusing women and treating them as mere objects. I do feel that pornography directly and indirectly creates a situation in which the woman is victimized. This may further the finds of women getting sexually offended (Utah State University, 2007). Many of the material purchasable today on the internet and the print media has been generated by threatening women into plastered acts that reach not been expected. For example, Linda Marchiano was imperil with a gun to perform several sexual acts in the film Deep Throat. Today graphic material is available on the Internet of women being tortured, raped and victimized for the sake of sexual arousal. I do feel that this may not create a sense of erotica but or else encourage violence and crime against women (Utah State University, 2007). Pornography has changed the entire concept of masculinity and femini nity. Earlier, these two genders were considered as complimentary to one another. A woman was basically made to supplement the needs of man. However, pornography has bollix this relationship between man and woman. Indirectly man is victimizing women in the name of pornography. Men dominate women and children using pornographic material. Man would try to conquer other sexually, and women would have to submit to the sexual needs of man. In a husband-wife relationship, the wife would become the weaker party and the husband would become the stronger one.Once this supremacy is created, every chance exists for the man to abuse and ill-treat the woman. Today pornography has been closely associated with male supremacy. As pornography is bonnie more and more common in todays world, it is having a negative influence on the people. Pornography touches upon male dominance, sexual inequality and sexual subordination. Hence, people consider and use violence, force and domination as a part of s ex. This helps to spread terrorism and hatred amongst the population. Today, people are unable to locate the thin line present between pornography and erotica (Utah State University, 2007). Pornography may influence the individual to various extents depending on the individual factors, the type of pornographic material, the extent to which the material causes sexual arousal, etc. Studies have demonstrated that when children and adolescents are exposed to pornographic material, there are chances that these children on becoming adults would have perverted sexual tendencies.They may also perform violent acts in order to gain sexual gratification. However, some studies have demonstrated that expose of the child or adolescent to a minimal amount of pornographic material during early age would help them to benefit later, as they would be aware of the sexual processes that occur in adults. However, this area needs to be thoroughly researched further to determine the type of pornographic m aterial and the extent to which they would benefit (Malamuth et al, 2005). The World needs to change its attitude toward pornography. To some extent individuals possessing certain characteristics may be exposed to a greater extent than others to pornographic material. A study conducted by Malamuth et al (2005) demonstrated that men, who were exposed to material containing sexuality and violence against women, accepted these attacks secretly. The acceptance was much greater in men who were exposed to pornographic material than those who were not. Men who were exposed to media presentations of material, which glorified sexual attacks on women, developed aggressive attitudes towards women (Malamuth et al, 2005). Thus it can be seen that pornographic material is harmful to the development of friendly relationships throughout the world between man and woman. The effect of pornographic material varies depending on the culture, region of the world, sect, religion, etc. Scientists should t ry to develop a method of determining the direct relationship that exists between pornography and sexual violence against women.The Internet may be a very useful resource for teenagers and students. However, this resource could also be misused, as activity may be difficult to monitor. It is high time for the law-enforcement agencies and parents to help control the activity of teenagers and students over the Internet. The manner in which the child or teenagers utilizes the Internet plays a major map in the development of the personality and behavior later in life (Paul et al, 2005 & Bremer, 2005).ReferencesBremer, J. (2005). The Internet and children advantages and disadvantages. Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 405-428.http//www.springerlink.com/ marrow/g074414vx721x677/Knudsen, D. D. (2005). squirt sexual abuse and pornography Is there a relationship? Journal of Family Violence, 3(4), 253-267.Malamuth, N., & Huppin, M. (2005). Pornography and Teenagers The greatness of Individual Dif ferences. Adol Med Clin, 16(2).Paul, B. & Bryant, J. A. (2005). Adolescents and the Internet. Adol Med Clin, 16(2).Utah State University (2007). Lesson 10. Pornography, Violence, and the Law. Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from Utah State University Web site http//cc.usu.edu/fath6/Gen5.htmVillani, V. S. (2005). Media literacy for clinicians and parents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 523-553.Webb, E. (2007). Pornography or Censorship-Silence or Choice? Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from DSP Web site http//www.dsp.org.au/dsp/porno.htm