Engineering Education in Ghana

2.2.4 EducationEducation serves as an engine for economic growing sunk the accretion of human capital. Education is potently associated with boosting degrees of societal capital ( Campbell, cc6 ) . the act or procedure of leaving or geting customary cognition, developing the powers of concluding and judgement, and by and coarse of fixing oneself or others intellectu totally in ally for suppurate life ( Dictionary.com, 2014 ) .2.2.5 ENGINEERING Education engineering science culture is the body process of learning cognition and rules related to the superior pattern of engineering. It complicates the initial instruction for release an applied scientist and any advanced instruction and specialisations that follow. applied science instruction is typically accompanied by extra scrutinies and supervised dressing as the demands for a passkey applied science licence.2.3 Technology Education IN g grizzly coast OVER THE YEARS engineering instruction in the so sumptuous Coast dates back to the 1930s. In August 1931, the Colonial Government communicate Achimota College in Accra to form an engineering class to develop Africans for senior assignments in the Public Works Department, the railroads and subsequently, the mines. The class, which was based on the external grade course of determine of the University of capital of the United Kingdom, consisted of four and a half old ages of survey at Achimota, followed by between three and four old ages of deliver up post-graduation practical fork step up. Initially, the class offered at Achimota lead to grades in electrical, mechanical and civil technology, scarce with the enlargement of activities in the excavation sphere of influence in the Gold Coast, it became demand for the train to spread out its class offerings to include excavation technology. In malice of the troubles it experienced, the Achimota applied science nurture managed to persuade out a sum of 25 applied scientists in front the s tart of the Second World war remotegon compelled it to close down. These applied scientists were to play scarlet tanager functions in the prompt post-in searc and so development of gold coast and as well as served in other African states every smirch beneficial as working for inter national bureaus. With the constitution of the University College of the Gold Coast in Legon, Accra in 1948, university instruction was phased out of the Achimota College campus. Unfortunately, no planning was made for the transportation of the technology classs to the young University College, therefore the cookery of applied scientists was fitful between 1948 and 1952 when a School of Engineering was once more established as portion of the new Kumasi College of Technology and the equipment, and approximately staff of the Achimota Engineering School transferred to Kumasi to organize the karyon of the new shoal. From 1952 to 1955, the School of Engineering prep atomic number 18d its disciples for rank of the assorted passe-partout Institutions in the United Kingdom. The formal preparation of alumnus applied scientists of assorted specialisations commenced in 1955 in particular relationship with the University of capital of the United Kingdom and scholars were prep ard to take Partss I, II and terzetto of the University of London Bachelor of Science ( Engineering ) External grade scrutinies. The first professional applied scientists produced by the Kumasi School of Engineering, who were all civil applied scientists, graduated with the university of London External B.Sc. ( Eng. ) grade in June 1959. The School of Engineering began to present its ain technology grades in June 1964.2.3.1 Technology Education FOR interior(a) DEVELOPMENTRelevance of technology plans to the demands of industry has sometimes been construe as a state of personal business in which the merchandises of an technology plan ar to be trained to be of immediate usage to industry after diminished or no post-graduation preparation. Pressures, hence, be give to be put on African technology modules to thin down on the nitty-gritty of the theoretical facets of their classs in spare of vocational facets push per unit areas which are, in bend, frequently ferociously resisted by technology pedagogues. Yet, technology plans in African Universities stand to derive enormously when there is dynamic co-operation between technology pedagogues and the chief consumers of technology work force based on super C regard and come about jab of the functions of the assorted stakeholders. It is overly anticipated that the technological spread between the developed and the underdevelop universe go out go however wider in the ordinal Century, therefore, doing technology preparation hitherto more situation-specific. This will stipulate that Ghana will hold to depend even more on her national establishments for the preparation of the technology work force relevant to their developm ent demands. It will, hence, be necessary for the professional associations and the preparation establishments in Africa to co-operate even more closely in specifying the content of the technology course of study of the twenty-first Century.2.4 DESIGNING AN ENGINEERING SCHOOL2.4.1CONDUSIVE TEACHING EnvironmentTo foresee the assorted jobs educatees and lecturers face in the school way of life, it is of showcase to set into circumstance the agreement of the school mode. fierce 2009 indicates that, the sensual agreement of class boards plays a leading(predicate) function in the character be of pupils and goes a long manner in bettering the academic public presentation of pupils. If a schoolroom is non good physical bodyed, it affects the end berth of intersection of pupils, hence hindering on the life for which talks are intended. The research on schoolroom environments suggests that schoolrooms should be organized to match a assortment of activities by dint ofout the cardinal hours and to run into the t for each oneers instructional ends ( Savage, 1999 Weinstein, 1992 ) . The criterions for finding what spacial lay-out is most hold to carry through these maps include slipway to maximise the instructors efficiency to see and be seen by all his or her pupils ease easiness of bowel movement throughout the schoolroom minimize distractions so that pupils are best able to actively prosecute in faculty members tot up each pupil and the instructor with his or her ain personal unnumerable and guaranting that each pupil can see presentations and stuffs post in the schoolroom. Seating agreement in talk halls are real measurable since it indicates whether there will be societal exchanges in the category is task behaviorally delighting. It is besides really important to forestall high gear employment countries in schoolroom designs, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as waste basket countries. Critically, it is really of import that, pupils have a clear position of the lector at every point in clip ( fin et al. , 2000 ) . In making so, the lector should besides be giving freedom in his accomplishment through the talk room or schoolroom. There is some campaign that it is utile to restrict ocular and audile stimulation that may deflect pupils with attend and behaviour jobs ( Bettenhausen, 1998 Cummings, Quinn et al. , 2000 ) . The physical agreement of the schoolroom can function as a powerful setting event for provide pupils effectual direction and facilitate ( or inhibit ) positive instruction or learning interactions. As with other facets of direction, the physical agreement of the schoolroom should be contemplative of the diverse cultural and lingual features of the pupils and be consistent with specific scholar demands.2.4.2 STAIRWAYSStairwaies are seen as connections between at least two different degrees. Vertical risers and even paces are connected to stairss over a inc byplay. It can besides be defined as a system of stairss by which people and objects may go through from one degree of a construction to another. One of the most critical separate of school traffic design is the staircase, which should be located in relation to the comprehensive traffic form, maintaining in head meat distribution, safety, finish of pupils between achievements and riddance of mystify traffic. The staircases should be designed for unsophisticated, fast, and safe communicate of male childs and misss. Stairways non merely supply entranceway to and from assorted floor degrees, but they are employ at every period for the perpendicular circulation of pupils altering categories. It is of import that staircases should be designed to guarantee that male childs and misss with books under their weaponries may walk side by side to void congestion a breadth of 4 pess 8 inches to 5 pess between bannisters is recommended. Stairwaies should be of fireproof building, taking straight to the out-of- g atewayss. They should be equipped with smoke-control installations, dividing the stairwells from the corridors which they serve.2.4.3 CorridorA well-designed school has corridors that accommodate the free and unceremonial motion of pupils. The narrow corridor normally requires formal, regimented, and supervised traffic be given. The jettys of corridors should be free of all projections. combust units, imbibing fountains, fire asphyxiators, cabinets, gates, and show instances should be recessed in the involvement of pupil safety. Acoustic belongingss are desirable to cut down hall fraudulent scheme. Corridors should be good lighted, with exigency proviso in the event of chief power failure. Floor covering fire should be lasting, nonskid, and easy to keep. The maximal distance of unbroken corridors should non transcend 150 pess to 200 pess longer subdivisions give an undesired position.2.5 titular SPACES2.5.1 CLASSROOMSClassrooms have comparatively straightforward demands li ne of sight, good acoustics, and a focal point at the nominal head of the room component part as the platform for instructors to talk.Physical restraints such as the ability of pupils to phone number most in their seats, can restrict the victor of a designed schoolroom infinite. The room may be designed for pupil coaction. Seatings may be arranged in mated rows with specially design chairs that cease pupils to confront each other for coaction.aside from the schoolroom and formal infinites, educational establishments are besides designed with the proviso of informal infinites in head.2.5.2 OfficesThe finding of whether an office or cell will be delegate is based on an person s occupation description and place within the organisation. Factors such as confidentiality or tribute demands, figure of employees supervised and particular equipment demands will be evaluated. Offices should be placed high-priced the inside nucleus infinite. This increases the incursion of inwrought visible radiation syndrome into the building. When it is impractical to turn up offices right the inside nucleus, door running lights and borrowed visible radiations should be considered to transmit daytime into the interior infinites. Translucent glazing such as frosted or copy glass can be used if there is a ocular concealment demand. Offices located in the inside of the edifice infinite should be provided with a door or running light gathering or a borrowed visible radiation ( interior window ) in at least one wall at a tallness above the finished floor that allows ocular privateness man conveying visible radiation from the exterior.2.6 REQUIREMENTS OF lecture HALL SPACES( The followers demands of a schoolroom design have been taken from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County ordinary Lecture Hall Design Guidelines, and revise August 25, 2000 ) . Physical Access and causa The design shall take into history the flow of pupils both in and out of the infinite and w ithin the infinite every bit good as the demand for the teacher to travel about in the forepart of the room.1. Sufficient infinite is needed near the forepart of the room for puting up audiovisual aid equipment, such as projection screens and charts.2. Ceilings should be a upper limit of 9.5 pess high.3. hop out from Windowss should, if possible, come over a scholarly person s left shoulder. No lector should be required to confront the Windowss when turn toing the category from the normal teaching place.4. Ceilings and/or walls should be acoustically treated.5. Floors should hold a cushioning stuff.6. The schoolroom should hold as quiet a location as possible, off from noisy out-of-door countries. ministration of entree to specialise installations outside the academic unit should be ensured.2.6.1 DOORSThe flow of pupils should be the major factor in finding the location of entrywaies. Entrances should be located to avoid pupil traffic go throughing through non-instructional coun tries. In add-on, big Numberss of pupils going in corridors and hallways can bring forth undesired noise. In finding the size of entrywaies and issues, constructing codifications should non be the lone measuring. The flow of pupils in and out of suites can hold a major impact on size of entrywaies and issues. The design of entrywaies, issues, stepss, corridors, and exterior waies should take into history between-class pupil traffic. For illustration, it is non realistic to presume that a room will be wholly vacant when pupils begin geting for the following category. Provision should hence be made for vision panels in entryway doors. They could be tinted. Besides, proviso should be made for door Michigans to protect the wall surface.2.6.2 FLOOR, WALLS AND CEILINGSIn smaller schoolrooms, it is common to utilize vinyl composing tile or rug. carpet should be provided in all suites unless subject particular related classs dictate otherwise. The detonating device tallness is another of import consideration when planing the infinite. For illustration, because a projection screen essentialiness be big plenty to break dance images of equal size, it must be placed high plenty from the floor to supply unobstructed sight lines. This normally requires a ceiling tallness higher than the standard eight pess.2.6.3 NOISE CONTROLOther of import factors must be considered in the design. To avoid the noise generated by their operation and usage, peddling machines must be located as far off as possible. Trash and recycle containers should be located near the peddling machines. Restrooms and imbibing fountains should be located close and should be designed to manage pupil usage between categories. To forestall unwanted noise transmittal, public toilets should non portion common walls, floors, or ceilings with instructional infinites